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HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS (HAIs)

 
 

HAIs, or Healthcare Associated Infections, represent a very frequent phenomenon in the health facilities but avoidable if measures that have been proved to be effective. In 2016 ANIPIO and the Italian Executive Nursing Committee created a "win-win partnership" and this document summarizes their position in relation to the organized interventions to be considered for the control of infectious risk - healthcare-related infections (HAIs) .

 


The need to expand the concept of nosocomial infections to that of healthcare- Associated Infections (HAIs) has arisen from the profound change that healthcare has undergone in recent years.

Since the 1990s, hospitals, where the majority of care interventions took place, have been joined by extra-hospital care settings such as assisted residential homes for the elderly, domiciliary care and ambulatory care.

The identification of an HAIs is based exclusively on the temporal relationship between the infection and the episode of care.

HAIs have a high impact on healthcare costs, can have a different degree of severity and are considered indicators of the quality of service provided. They affect both patients and, albeit rarely, professionals involved in care practices.



Here: Insights 


 
Insights Infections & Nursing care
 

National and EU legislative references

Conclusioni del Consiglio Europeo sulla sicurezza dei pazienti e la qualità dell’assistenza medica, compresi la prevenzione e il controllo delle infezioni associate all’assistenza sanitaria e della resistenza agli antimicrobici

Commissione europea. Seconda relazione della Commissione al Consiglio in merito all'attuazione della raccomandazione 2009/C 151/01 del Consiglio sulla sicurezza dei pazienti, compresi la prevenzione e il controllo delle infezioni associate all'assistenza sanitaria. Giugno 2014

WHO. Salute 2020: Un modello di politica europea a sostegno di un’azione trasversale al governoe alla società a favore della salute e del benessere. 2013

Raccomandazione del Consiglio Europeo (9 giugno 2009) sulla sicurezza dei pazienti, comprese la prevenzione e il controllo delle infezioni associate all'assistenza sanitaria.Il documento del Consiglio Europeo, che si rivolge atutti gli Stati Membri, affronta temi generali relativi alla sicurezza deipazienti e riporta ulteriori raccomandazioni su prevenzione e controllo delle ICA.

Circolare n. 8/1988 del Ministero della Sanità -“Lotta contro le infezioni ospedaliere: la sorveglianza”.La circolare ha definito i metodi di sorveglianza da adottare e un rapporto posti letto/infermiere addette al controllo delle infezioni di 250-400 per ogni figura infermieristica a tempo pieno.

Circolare n. 52/1985 del Ministero della Sanità -“Lotta contro le infezioni ospedaliere”.La circolare raccomandava l‘istituzione di programmi regionali di controllo e l’avvio, in ciascun presidio ospedaliero, di un programma di controllo delle infezioni ospedaliere che prevedesse l’istituzione del Comitato di controllo, la definizione di un gruppo operativo composto da medici e infermieri e l’istituzione della figura dell’infermiere addetto al controllo delle infezioni ospedaliere.

 

Guidelines, policy documents

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections and prevention indicators in European intensive care units.Stockholm: ECDC; 2017

Ministero della Salute. Piano Nazionale di sorveglianza e risposta alle arbovirosi trasmesse da zanzare (Aedes sp.) con particolare riferimento a virus Chikungunya, Dengue e virus Zika - 2016

Guidelines on Core Components of Infection Prevention and Control Programmes at theNational and Acute Health Care Facility Level- World Health Organization 2016

NICE.Infection prevention and control. NICE quality standard 61. Aprile 2014

Yokoe DS et al.Introduction to “A Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Updates. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014 May;35(5):455-9

Loveday HP et al. Epic3: national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. J Hosp Infect. 2014 Jan;86 Suppl 1:S1-70

 

Economic and financial impact of healthcare associated infections

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Economic evaluations of interventions to prevent healthcare-associated infections. Stockholm: ECDC; 2017

Badia JM et al. Impact of surgical site infection on healthcare costs and patient outcomes: a systematic review in six European countries. 2017. Journal of Hospital Infection 96; 1e15

Arefian H et al. Economic Evaluation of Interventions for Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infections: A Systematic Review. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0146381.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146381

 

Paper

Rodríguez-Acelas AL et al. Risk factors for health care-associated infection in hospitalized adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Infect Control. 2017 Oct 11. pii: S0196-6553(17)30996-3

SekoT et al. Economic evaluation of infection control activities. 2017. Journal of Hospital Infection, Volume 96, Issue 4, Pages 371-376, ISSN 0195-6701

Le Bourhis-Zaimi M. Incidence of postoperative nosocomial endophthalmitis: results of an eight-year prospective surveillance programme in a university hospital in France. J Hosp Infect. 2017 Aug;96(4):399-400

McCarthyM. US hospitals make progress against healthcare associated infections. BMJ 2016;352:i1352 doi: 10.1136/bmj.i1352

ZinggW et al. Hospital organisation, management, and structure for prevention ofhealth-care-associated infection: a systematic review and expert consensus. LancetInfect Dis. 2015 Feb;15(2):212-224.

MaugerB et al.Implementing quality improvement strategies to reduce healthcare-associatedinfections: A systematic review.American Journal of Infection Control 42(2014) S274-S283

ECDC. Point prevalence survey of healthcare-associatedinfections and antimicrobial use in European long-term care facilities. April–May 2013 . 2014

AHRQ.Making Health Care Safer II: An Updated Critical Analysis of the Evidence forPatient Safety Practices.Evidence Report/Technology Assessment Number 211.Marzo 2013

ECDC Point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals 2011-2012 . Luglio 2013

Calfee DP. Crisis in hospital-acquired,healthcare-associated infections. Annu Rev Med 2012; 63:359-71. 2